Abenaki Educational Development, Inc. No. N-7485 Articles of Association Filed December 16, 1991:

No. N-7485 Articles of Association of the Abenaki Educational Development. State of Vermont, Secretary of State's Office. Filed on December 16, 1991. The name of the corporation shall be Abenaki Educational Development. The initial registered agent shall be Abenaki Self-Help Assoc. Inc. with registered agent's address at P.O. Box 276 Swanton, Vermont 05488. The operating year shall be starting January 01, 1992. Purpose for Incorporation: To work toward educational and cultural development of the Abenaki Community.

Board of Directors:

Chief Homer St. Francis (President) 44 Liberty in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Michael Delaney (Secretary) RD #1 Box 2430 in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Bernard R. Robtoy (Treasurer) at 17 Greenwich in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Hilda St. Francis at Pine Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Dave Cameron at Grand Avenue in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Richard Jordon at 799 Williston Rd. Box 4 in Williston, Vermont 05495

Michael Bluto at P.O. Box 76 in Saint Albans Bay, Vermont 05481

Dated at Abenaki Self-Help Association, Inc. in the County of Franklin this 06 day of December 1991 (December 06, 1991)

Incorporator:

Sherry L. Vance at Apt. #4 at Abenaki Acres in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Abenaki Self-Help hereby certifies that the below listed incorporators, officers, direcotrs and shareholders of the Professional Corporation are duly licensed to practice the profession for which this corporation is to be organized. NOTE: One individual may incorporate, be officer, director and shareholder in a Professional Corporation.

Officers:

Carol Breda (Financial Officer)

Directors:

Suzanne Whedon (Executive Director)

Abenaki Educational Development, a Non-Profit Corporation, having no capital stock, organized and existing under the laws of the State of Vermont. We, the undersigned, certify that: there being no members entitled to vote thereon, the directors of this corporation met on March 21, 1993, and at that meeting a majority of the directors then in office voted to amend the articles of association of this corporation as follows, viz.:

Be it resolved that the statement of purpose in the Articles of Incorporation shall be amended as follows: (See Attached). Dated March 21, 1993.

Homer St. Francis (President/V. President)

Michael A. Delaney (Secretary/ Ass't. Secretary)

The corporation is organized for the purpose of:

A. Training Abenaki in cultural activities such as crafts, dancing, music and spiritual practices. This program is expected to begin in 1993. Abenaki Educational Development will conduct the training with instructors hired as appropriate. Classes will be held on a weekly basis in the Abenaki Cultural Center and tribal offices in Swanton, Vermont.

B. Training Abenaki in business skills such as typing, bookkeeping, computers, and business practises. These program will starting in 1993. The classes will be held daily in the Abenaki Tribal Offices or such other areas as required.

C. Providing Abenaki with classes on history and language. This program will start in 1994. These classes will be held monthly in the Abenaki Tribal Offices in Swanton, Vermont, and other areas as required.

D. Helping Abenaki people to organize and fund economic development activities in order to provide relief to the poor, distressed, or underprivileged members of the Abenaki Nation.

Chief Homer St. Francis (President)

John Lawyer (Director)

Michael Delaney (Director)

Hilda St. Francis (Director)

Joseph Robtoy (Director)

Bernard R. Robtoy (Director)

Richard Jordan (Director)

Abenaki Educational Development, a Non-Profit Corporation, having no capital stock, organized and existing under the laws of the State of Vermont. We, the undersigned, certify that: the following amendment was adopted by a consent in writing signed by all members entitled to vote: Be it resolved that the articles of Incorporation shall be amended to include the following See Attached. Dated July 07, 1993.

Chief Homer St. Francis (President/ V. President)

Michael A. Delaney (Secretary/ Ass't. Secretary)

1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of these articles, the corporation is organized exclusively for one or more of the purposes as specified in Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and shall not carry on any activities not  permitted to carried on by a corporation exempt from Federal income tax under IRC Section 501(c)3 or corresponding provisions of any subsequent Federal tax laws.

2) No part of the net earning of the corporation shall inure o the benefit of any member, trustee, director, officer of the corporation, or any private individual (except that reasonable compensation may be paid for services rendered to or for the corporation), and no member, trustee, officer of the corporation or any private individual shall be entitled to share in the distribution of any of the corporate assets on dissolution of the corporation.

3) No substantial part of the activities of the corporation shall be carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided by Internal Revenue Code section 501(h), and does not perticipate in, or intervene in (including the publication or distribution of statements), any political campaign on behalf of any canidate for public office.

4) In the event of dissolution all of the remaining assets and property of the corporation shall, after necessary expenses thereof, be distributed to another organization exempt under IRC Section 501(c)3, or corresponding provisions of any subsequent Federal Tax laws, or to the Federal government, or state or local government for a public purpose, subject to the approval of a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Vermont.

5) In any taxable year in which the corporation is a private foundation as described in IRC Section 509(a), the corporation shall distribute its income for a said period at such time and manner as not to subject it to tax under IRC Section 4942, and the corporation shall not (a) engage in any act of self-dealing as defined in IRC Section 4941(d), retain any excess business holdings as defined in IRC Section 4943(c), (b) make any investments in such manner as to subject the corporation to tax under IRC Section 4944, or (c) to make any taxable expenditures as defined in IRC Section 4945(d) or corresponding provisions of any subsequent Federal tax laws.

Chief Homer St. Francis (President)

John Lawyer (Director)

Michael Delaney (Director)

Hilda St. Francis (Director)

Joseph Robtoy (Director)

Bernard R. Robtoy (Director)

Richard Jordan (Director)

Abenaki Educational Development, a Non-Profit Corporation, having no capital stock, organized and existing under the laws of the State of Vermont. We, the undersigned, certify that: there being no members entitled to vote thereon, the directors of this corporation met on August 16, 1994, and at that meeting a majority of the directors then in office voted to amend the articles of association of this corporation as follows, viz.:

Be it resolved that the name of the corporation shall be changed to Abenaki Development Corporation.

Dated August 16, 1994.

Grand Chief Homer St. Francis (President/V. President)

Michael A. Delaney (Secretary/Ass't. Secretary)

Signed by:

Grand Chief Homer St. Francis (Chief Homer St. Francis, President)

John Lawyer (Director)

Ina Delaney (Director)

Michael Delaney (Director)

No. 74850

Letter from Ms. Sherry Vance, Secretary ASHAI Board of Directors, Swanton, Vermont 05488 Dated August 19, 1998.

"Mr. Homer St. Francis, President

ASHAI Board of Directors

In no way have I supported the actions that you have carried out in the name of the Abenaki community. Because of what I consider to be inappropriate and possibly illegal activities that have taken palce over the past year, I feel that it is necessary at this time to resign from the ASHAI Board of Directors, effective immediately.

Sincerely, Sherry Vance

cc: Secretary of State

Letter from Mr. Ronald Maskell, Board Member ASHAI Board of Directors, Swanton, Vermont 05488 Dated August 19, 1998.

"Mr. Homer St. Francis, President

ASHAI Board of Directors

In no way have I supported the actions that you have carried out in the name of the Abenaki community. Because of what I consider to be inappropriate and possibly illegal activities that have taken palce over the past year, I feel that it is necessary at this time to resign from the ASHAI Board of Directors, effective immediately.

Sincerely, Ronald Maskell

cc: Secretary of State

Abenaki Endeavors, Inc. No. 31127 Articles of Association October 26, 1982:

No. 31127 ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF THE "Abenaki Endeavors Inc." STATE OF VERMONT Secretary of State's Office Filed October 26, 1982.

The name of the corporation shall be Abenaki Endeavors, Inc.

Registered Agent: Miles Jensen.

Registered Office: Depot Street in Swanton, Vermont.

Corporation shall be at: Depot Street in Swanton, Vermont.

Directors:

Warren Scott at 126 Lake Street in St. Albans, Vermont 05478

Kevin Smith RFD # 2 in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Steven Demar Elm Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Incorporators:

Patricia (nee: Partlow) St. Francis 44 Liberty Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Sandra Shedrick P.O. Box 34 in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Leonard "Blackie" Lampman Sr. Lake Road in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Kevin Smith RFD #2 in Swanton, Vermont 05488

IN ADDITION TO ALL THE PRECEDING INFORMATION VERMONT PROFESSIONAL CORPORATIONS MUST COMPLETE THE CERTIFICATE ON THE LAST PAGE OF THIS APPLICATION.

Warren Scott 126 Lake Road in St. Albans, Vermont 05478

Donald Richard Monument Road in Swanton, Vermont 05488

Eastern Woodlands Band of the Abenaki Nation, Inc. ~and~ Abenaki Nation of Vermont, Inc.

Document 1 and 2: Eastern Woodlands Band of the Abenaki Nation. Incorporation Date was December 26, 1979. Description purpose of the incorporation was "research".

Registered Agent: Carmen G. Allen of 28 Ferris Street in Swanton, Franklin County, Vermont 05488.

Officer 1: Richard "Blackhorse" Wilfred Phillips

Officer 2: Emerson Bidwell Garfield (who married to Richard Phillips sister Deborah in October 29, 1971 in Windsor, Vermont)

Officer 3: Carmen G. Allen

Officer 4: Clifford Phillips (son of Albert "Mohawk" Peter Phillips and Albert's 2nd wife Lavern Higgins. Clifford Peter "Kippy" Phillips was born on Dec. 16, 1953 in Troy, N.Y. ~ Richard "Blackhorse" Phillips is the son of Louis Nolan Phillips and Catherine Sarah Weeks. Louis Nolan Phillips was a younger brother to Albert "Mohawk" Peter Phillips, and both were son's of Louis Phillips and Rose Marie Gardner).

Last Status Report: December 31, 1979.

Terminated: June 23, 1989.

Document 3 and 4: Abenaki Nation of Vermont. Incorporation date was February 08, 1980. Description purpose of the incorporation was "Indian Association".

Registered Agent: KDAKINNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDICINE SOCIETY at 15 Jewett Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488.

Officer 1: Arthur W. "Bill" Seymour

Officer 2: Wayne J. Hoague

Officer 3: Richard "Blackhorse" Wilfred Phillips

Last Status Report: February 29, 1980.

Terminated: June 23, 1989.

Inactive by reason that no reports were ever filed thereby freeing up the name under the 5 year name holding.

Notice that the Registered Agent's address is R. Kent Ouimett's Incorporation Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medicine Society at 15 Jewett Street in Swanton, Vermont.

The reason the Incorporation "Abenaki Nation of Vermont's Registered Agent was Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medicine Society at 15 Jewett Street in Swanton, Vermont, was because Richard "Blackhorse" Wilfred Phillips (and Richard's 1st wife Theresa Henriette Hill) daughter Kathy Joyce Phillips born October 20, 1965 in Morrisville, Vermont, did live with (and have two children Kasey and Erin Ouimette in 1980 and 1981) a "Kent Ouimette".

November 26, 2001 Tribe willing to work with state to build casino ~ November 21, 2001 Indian tribe not looking to build casino Newspaper Artcles:

On November 26, 2001, in a newspaper article, it was stated that Paul Wilson Pouliot's "group" may be interested in putting a casino on a piece of land it owns near Mount Sunapee. Paul Pouliot, a spokesman for the Cowasuck tribe, said the tribe is willing to work with Gov. Jeanne Sheheen, the Legislature, the congressional delegation and other state officials to establish a casino on the 137-acre property....

Two days later, on November 28, 2001, the above newspaper article of A9 was published. Paul W. Pouliot "retracts" his previously made statements, stating "A spokesman for a small American Indian tribe says his group is not looking to put a casino on land it (he) owns near Mount Sunapee, despite news reports to the contrary last week. Then how did the article of November 26, 2001 get into the news regarding casino's/gambling/N.H. Education Funding/ and this alleged and re-invented group claiming to be Cowasuck Abenaki? THINK ABOUT IT

Retrosepctively-speaking, I found the following:

In Paul Wilson Pouliot's Aln8bak News (copyrighted) 97-3 July-August-September/ Tomaskikos-Tomaskikos-Temez8was-Skamonas 1997 Page-2 entitled "Goshen Gathering 1 in the Woods": "From July 16 to 21 we held an open tribal gathering at the Pouliot tribal lands in Goshen, New Hampshire. Paul Tamburro and his wife Andrea traveled from Washington State to attend the "unity and peace" pipe back to the east coast for the summer meeting thatwas held on July 11, 1997.

I did a little "investigation" regarding this "Tribal Property".......

According to the Land Deed of Sale, it was sold to Paul Wilson Pouliot and his 1st wife Linda (nee: Whites) Pouliot of 160 Dailey Drive in Franklin, Worcester County, Massachusetts 03038. This  137.1 acres was NOT sold to any "Tribe"

"Cowasuck Band" etc......Factually and documentarily, the 137.1 acres was deeded by Warranty to two (2) private citizens of Franklin, Massachusetts, Paul W. Pouliot and Linda A. Pouliot, husband and wife.

On July 29, 2008, this 137.1 acres of property in Goshen, New Hampshire was sold by Paul W. Pouliot and his wife Linda A. Pouliot for the total sum of $85,000.00 US Dollars. This monetary sum was dvivided in two portions, to each party (whom were Paul W. Pouliot and his wife Linda A. Pouliot) upon their divorce.

This 137.1 acres of land was NEVER "Tribal" land, except in the delusional minds of those involved.

It is my understanding, that it was Paul Tamburro (now of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada) who retrosepctively had recommended, suggested and urged of Paul W. Pouliot to purchase property/land in New Hampshire, since the Cowasuck "really belonged in Vermont or New Hampshire", and "that it would look good", "make the group appear to be more legitimate" geographically-speaking, instead of being in Franklin, Massachusetts.

It would be later that, after Paul Wilson Pouliot's wife Linda bought out her ex-husband's interest in the 160 Dailey Drive "aka Red Hawk Lodge" residence, that Paul Wilson Pouliot and Denise K. (nee: Beauregard) Mehigan of 8 Linda Lane in Forestdale, MA 02344 subsequently relocated to Alton, Belknap County, New Hampshire by record of Warranty Deed Book 2470 Page 1 Document #0801110 on January 31, 2008. It was on August 16, 2008 in Alton, Belnap County, New Hamsphire that Jamie Mehigan's wife Denise Katherine (nee: Beauregard) Mehigan remarried to Paul Wilson Pouliot.

This "Pouliot tribal land" reminds me of "Chief" Homer W. St. Francis' wife Patricia "Patsy" (nee: Partlow) St. Francis had sought food stamps from D.S.H.S. on April 01, 1993. When asked if the Berkshire, Vermont "hunting camp" valued at $11,000.00 was owned by the "Abenaki Tribe", she replied "that she and her husband owned it." On appeal, dated July 29, 1993, "Chief" Homer St. Francis (without Patsy accompanying her husband) maintained that he and his wife purchased the land (10.3 acres with a camp and toolshed) from Harry J. Laughy Sr. and Jr. of St. Albans, Vermont for $10.00 and more dollars on March 28, 1988 Page 266 and 267 some years earlier in order to "reclaim" it for the Abenaki tribe. He said it belongs to the tribe as a whole, and that his and his wife's names are on the deed only to comply with "white man's law."

(I have addressed this D.S.H.S. Food Stamp Case and Appeal previous in this blog. LINK: http://reinventedvermontabenaki.blogspot.com/2009/06/chief-homer-and-patsy-st-francis-food.html).

CASINO MANAGEMENT CONTRACT (1994) of the NORTH AMERICAN PEOPLE OF THE DAWN regarding "Chief" David Andrew Descoteaux dit Hill, ETC:

This document, though unsigned on Page 4 (without signatures of the mentioned names David A. Hill-Decouteau AKA Sly Wolf, his mother Capitola Jane Hill-Decouteau Mother Matriarch AKA Many Moons, Robert W. Bruce Sr. Associate Chief-District Manager and Consultant AKA White Eagle and Chief Tribal Judge AKA Wise Eagle obviously and clearly shows INTENT by the late David Andrew Descoteaux dit Hill and his incorporated "group" of alleged and re-invented "Abenakis" calling itself the North American People of the Dawn. The FACT that this document was created shows intent to establish Casino Gambling in Vermont by these people in 1994. Some sections of the document were covered with "white-out" which, when carefully removed, showed the year when this document was created. I had to scan each legal-sized page in two parts due to the scanner that is used.

Luke A. Willard born July 03, 1978 who claims to be "Chief" of the alleged and re-invented Nulhegan-Coosek "group" was allied with and connected to "Hereditary Grand High Chief" (as he called himself) David Andrew Descoteaux dit Hill AKA Sly Fox I.D. # 048-34-9436, and also to "Chief" Reynold Choineire born January 24, 1929.

I know this dynamic definitively and conclusively because of a particular Bank Checking Account #0115908 at the First Colebrook Bank at 147 Main Street in Colebrook, New Hampshire 03576. Bank Account Authorization date of April 04, 2002, which was created on May 10, 2002 by a Dodie Smith (Business Telephone #802-334-8177).

Remember, that on May 13, 1997 Howard F. Knight Jr. dismissed any further Judicial action against David A. Descoteaux dit Hill  regarding Docket Number 9-1-94-05CV in Orleans County, Vermont ~and~ that on that same date of May 13, 1997 Howard F. Knight Jr. "declared and announced the Uniting of our clan with the Wabanaki Sovereign Nation, (The North American People of the Dawn, Inc.) and the full recognition of the True Hereditary Grand High Chief/ Prince David A. Hill (Wawanolette), forever as long as the grass grows, the moon glows, the rivers flow, and the sun shines. This document was faxed May 14, 1997 at WED 6:50 WABANAKI NATION P. 01.

So, the question is....WHY did Dodie Smith open up a First Colebrook Bank Checking Account in Coos County, New Hampshire, for Chief David A. Hill, Chief Reynold Choineire, and Luke A. Willard on May 10, 2002 in the name of the North American People of the Dawn, Inc. which obviously was in Newport, Orleans County, Vermont? Why didn't this "group" open up a Checking Account in Newport, Vermont or at least in Orleans County, Vermont where they all resided?

THINK ABOUT IT

August 12, 2000 Hand-written Letter of Resignation From Howard F. Knight Jr.

COWASUCK OF NORTH AMERICA, National Federation of the Sovereign Republic of the Abenaki Nation P.O. Box 12, Newport, VT 05855 dated August 12, 2000.

To Whom it Concerns:

As of this date (12 August 2000) I (Howard F. Knight Jr.) hereby resign as Chief and as C.E.O., if the Cowasuck of North America. I will no longer be concerned with any Abenaki Band and/or functions. I regret that I over the years have dishonored or brough shame upon the Abenaki People.

Respectfully Yours, Howard F. Knight, Jr.

1608 Alderbrook Road

Newport, VT. 05855

1-802-334-5364

Obviously, Howard F. Knight, Jr., was being "a hypocrite" when he wrote this document and put it into reality, especially when it was just a few days ago, on January 26th, 2010 that he sat in Room 10, in front of the Senate Economic Development Committee (headed by none other Senator/Prosecutor Vincent Illuzzi) as a "representative" of the Koasek Abenaki, Inc. "group" which is led by Brian Chenevert, Paul Bunnell, and retrospectively-speaking also Nancy Millette-Doucet.

In Abenaki, we would call these people "Snakes in the grass".

So, IF Howard F. Knight Jr. was proclaiming he was resigning and would no longer be concerned with any Abenaki Band and/or functions....then WHY was the man so involved with the alleged and re-invented "Abenaki" there in Vermont and over here in New Hampshire after August 12, 2000?! Obviously, based on the documentation of which I am in possession of, it is VERY CLEAR and OBVIOUS that the man has over the years dishonored and brought shame upon the Abenaki People with his B.S., manipulations, deceitfulness and lies, right along with the rest of these so-called "Chiefs" of the Vermont and or New Hampshire Abenaki "groups" !!

H.C.R. 195 January 15, 2010 and February 02, 2010 House Committe on Human Services Agenda Regarding Eugenics in Vermont:

House Concurrent Resolution Referred to Committee
H.C.R. 195
House concurrent resolution expressing regret for the sterilization of Vermonters pursuant to the Sterilization Act of 1931 Offered by: Representative Donahue of Northfield
Whereas, the state-sponsored sterilization of many Vermonters, based upon the false science and misguided social judgment that they were genetically inadequate and of poor heredity stock, is one of the most unfortunate chapters in our state’s history, and
41 FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 2010
Whereas, in 1912, the General Assembly passed legislation to “authorize and provide for the sterilization of imbeciles, feeble-minded and insane persons, rapists, confirmed criminals and other defectives” which Governor John Mead vetoed on the advice of Attorney General R.E. Brown that the measure was unconstitutional in part due to its discriminatory intent and lack of due process, and
Whereas, the Senate overrode the governor, and although the House of Representatives upheld his veto after a successful Senate override, the idea of broadly based sterilization legislation was not permanently defeated, and
Whereas, Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, coined the term “eugenics” meaning “the science of improving the genetic condition of the human race,” and
Whereas, in 1925, UVM zoology professor Henry F. Perkins established the Eugenics Survey of Vermont with a stated mission to determine the extent of defective behavior and depraved immorality in the state by combining biology, education, and social work, and
Whereas, in 1927, when addressing a conference of social workers in Montpelier, Perkins reported his purportedly highly academic findings proving a blood or heredity foundation in the mental degeneration in classes of families he defined as pirate, gypsy, and chorea, and Whereas, Perkins predicted that legislation, which he had assisted in
drafting, providing for sterilizing the “socially inadequate” individuals would be introduced, and
Whereas, in Buck v. Bell, 274 US 200 (1927), U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes held that Virginia’s sterilization law was neither unconstitutional nor a denial of due process, and
Whereas, in 1931, as a result of the pseudoscience and hearsay that permeated the reports of the Vermont Eugenics Survey, as well as the establishment of the Vermont Commission on Country Life, that in part was an expansion of the survey’s activities, the General Assembly adopted Act No. 174, “An Act for Human Betterment By Voluntary Sterilization,” which was intended: to prevent the procreation of idiots, imbeciles, feebleminded or insane persons, when the public welfare of idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded or insane persons likely to procreate, can be improved by voluntary
sterilization, and
JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE 42
Whereas, as a result of this legislation, a large number of individuals were subjected to this state-sponsored sterilization program, many without their knowledge or consent, and
Whereas, although the Eugenics Survey was ended in 1936, and the forced sterilizations (and yet NO DOCUEMNTARY EVIDENCE has ever been located that the Eugenics Program ever sterlized a single person) ultimately halted, the damage to many Vermont families was widespread, and poor Irish and Italian immigrants, along with other persons in poverty, were among those targeted, and
Whereas, individuals diagnosed with mental disabilities and persons of French Canadian and Abenaki ancestry (yet nowhere in the Eugenics TOTAL MATERIAL is a single person identifying as or identified by others as being "Abenaki") were disproportionately affected and harmed, and
Whereas, it is impossible for the General Assembly to undo the grievous damage that was inflicted on these persons and their families, but it can issue a strong statement denouncing this dark chapter in Vermont’s history to demonstrate the legislature’s resolve to guard against such events occurring in the future, now therefore be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives:
That the General Assembly expresses its profound sorrow and sincere regret that such a program of sterilizations was sanctioned under an act of this legislative body. Which was read and, in the Speaker’s discretion, treated as a bill and referred to the committee on Rules.
Committee Relieved of Consideration and Bill Committed to Other Committee

On Another More Recent Note:

115 State Street

Montpelier, VT 05633-5301

Tel: (802) 828-2228

Fax: (802) 828-2424

STATE OF VERMONT

House of Representatives

Rep. Ann Pugh, Chair

Rep. Michael Fisher, Vice Chair

Rep. Anne B. Donahue, Ranking Member

Rep. Margaret Andrews

Rep. Bill Frank, Clerk

Rep. Patsy French

Rep. Sandy Haas

Rep. Francis "Topper" McFaun

Rep. Michael Mrowicki

Rep. Patty O'Donnell

Rep. Scott A. Orr
House Committee on Human Services

AGENDA

Room 46

January 31, 2010 - February 6, 2010

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

10:00 AM FLOOR

11:15 am or 15 MINUTES AFTER HOUSE ADJOURNMENT J.R.H. 32 - Joint resolution expressing regret for the sterilization of Vermonters pursuant to the Sterilization Act of 1931

Committee Discussion, Markup, and Vote

Rep. Anne Donahue, Sponsor

Michael Chernick, Legislative Counsel, Legislative Council

Nancy L. Gallagher, Author of "Breeding Better Vermonters"

April Merrill, Chief, St. Francis Sokoki Band (Missisquoi)

Thomas Phillips, Tribal Council Member

I would say more on a personal level, but I am a little "hot-under-the-collar" presently, having the awareness that I do. about my own Woodward relatives being targets of the Children's Aide Society and subsequently the Eugenics Survey of Vermont from 1914 to 1938.

This attempt at being sorrowful and regretful by the State of Vermont/ and the fact that April St. Francis-Merrill and Thomas Phillips assume to know the dynamics/intent of the Eugenics Survey/Program of Vermont, claiming stupidly that Harriett Abbott was targeting their families "because they were alleged Abenakis" just pisses me off, since it is such an untruth.

It's a MYTH perpetuated by John Moody and these people, to ply "sympathies" and manipulate the generational historical guilt of the Euro-American People's in Vermont/New Hampshire.

What this is, that is happening in Vermont is a crock of shit. It's a blatant re-writing of Abenaki historical record in N'dakinna by people who are not Abenakis, nor who can even prove from a historical, social, or genealogical perspective that they are Abenakis!

Some day, I will share the Eugenics Era Reality for what it really was....

from my own ancestors blood, sweat and tears.

IF the State of Vermont is honestly all-of-a-sudden and seemingly "so sorrowful and regretful", then why not name the people they targeted and subsequently sterilized allegedly via the Eugenics Program of Vermont?! Why hasn't the State of Vermont Historical Preservation people microfilmed all of the Eugenics Program Survey documents, instead of letting those documents turn into a pile of paper dust over time?! Why has the State of Vermont "closed" the Eugenics Records and placed these under the HIPPA Laws (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)? Why no mention of the Children's Aide Society who were in collusion and supporting the Eugenic's Program of Vermont within this H.C.R. 195?!

Does anyone thing for one minute that this H.C.R. 195 will assauge the pain, the internal guilt, the sorrow and regret of those women and men who loved one another in life, but could never have children of their own? Does anyone think that for one minute, that April St. Francis-Merrill and this so-called Wobanaki Inc Board of Director Thomas Phillips, in their ignorance and arrogance of the Eugenics Progam Survey, are doing what they are doing today, is respectful of those women or men who could not have children, in their tatics to gain recognition-through-sympathy.
I am for TRUTH, not some PITY PARTY and the perpetuation of some half baked myth that the Eugenics was targeting "Abenakis" or that these people claiming to being Abenaki, had ancestor-relatives who were sterilized simply and solely "because they were Abenakis". Dollars to donuts, the bet is that the persons and families in the Eugenics materials were targeted because they were identified as being misfits, truants from school, gallivanting around being criminally minded, or doing activities deemed socially unacceptable in that era, such as being youthful runaway's.
The Phillips Family nor the St. Francis Family (as a whole or in part, in the Eugenics material documents) were NEVER identifying as Abenakis while in Jail, in Institutions, to Harriett Abbott, or to anyone associated with the Eugenics. Harriett Abbott never once, identified one single person in these many families she documented/investigated (including the Woodward's) as "being Abenaki" or "of Abenaki descent".
Neither did these familes neighbors, teachers, mental evaluators, etc., identify these persons and or families as being Abenakis, of whom Miss Abbott spoke to about these numerous families in and around Vermont?!

So, THOUSANDS of descendants of Vermont Abenaki were silent, quiet, and "hiding in plain sight" amongst their neighbors, like Church mice on a Sunday morning? NOT one single ancestor of these descendants documentarily stated verbally and/ or in writing that they were "Abenaki" throughout the Eugenic's Era? What about BEFORE the Eugenics Survey?

THINK ABOUT IT. 

December 25, 2009 Letter from Nancy Millette-Doucet to Mr. Rollo

The following letter was forwarded to me. It was apparently sent on 12/25/2009. It was eventually forwarded to the parties named so that we would have this information when dealing with elected officials who may have also received the letter.

Dear Mr. Rollo, Committee Members and other respected NH Representatives and Senators,

I recently received an email from Mr. Rollo that shows that some of my concerns about FN 1610 were miss- communicated or miss-understood. I thought in that case it would be best for me to write a proper introduction before I am before your board to testify against this bill.

I was born in 1953 in Haverhill NH as was my father (1927) and his mother and all her family before her well documented back to 1700’s. Our DNA has been proven Indian and linked directly to Haverhill / Newbury area which is historic known to the Abenaki as the KOAS. My family has continued traditional values throughout time to present within our home region. My Grandmother’s family even donated some of their own land to the town of Haverhill for the airport which still exists today.

My mother’s family is well documented in Grafton County also and has for generations passed the original homestead down from one family member to the other in Monroe NH. My mother and her family have for generations dedicated themselves to community projects and helping others. All of the males back to the beginning of time in New Hampshire have served the country in the Rev. war, Civil War, War of 1812, WWI WWII, Korean War Viet Nam and all men and women in my family have been members of the American Legion serving in any way they were needed or asked including commanders, helping the Mohawk Reservation children come to NH for camp and cooking meals for the needy etc etc. My father was a lifer in the Navy and fought in World War II, Korean War and Viet Nam. All his brothers fought in World War II also.

I myself, have worked as a community minded person all of my life as a fund raiser, promoter, public relations, marketing executive. My work has taken me to marketing positions at the Mount Washington Hotel and Resort, Economic Development, Public Relations and Event coordinator for the Town of Littleton where I hosted 9 Native American Cultural Weekends that three of our NH Governor’s signed proclamations for, Sled Dog Races, established the Oprah House as a working cultural facility and helped make Littleton the NINTH Best Small Town in America, raised money to send ME, NH and VT Hemophilia Children to camp in NH, was Co-President of Franconia Sugar Hill Chamber of Commerce and have from time to time worked with Van McLeod, Richard Boisvert, NH Tourism and NH council on the Arts, to just name a few things I have done to follow in the footsteps of my family.

I have also worked closed with NH Historical Resources over the years and the State of Vermont Historic Preservation in the protection of our Abenaki burial grounds and scared lands and history. I have for the last year worked with National Geographic on the preservation of our Language and also our DNA work for Abenaki Community in this region. Please see www.whitepineassociation.org

I am Chief of the Koasek Abenaki of the Koas and our tribe is united in an Alliance with the Historic Abenaki Nations; Nulhegan Coosuk, Missisquoi St Francis Sokoki, and El Nu. I know of the Intertribal Council and have known Peter Newell for many many years. I have welcomed him to Unity meetings I hosted for many of the tribes to come together to work on issues we are all concerned about. Pete was at my home in 2007 and I told him I would help him with support letter for a commission in NH. However, my support has changed which I will explain. At this time I DO NOT support HB 1610!!

Peter Newell is now involved with others who have been extremely threatening and hostile to Abenaki Historic Tribes within the alliance. These people who are involved with Peter Newell and the Intertribal council to write this bill are Sherry Gould (Intertribal Council and has a 501c3 although I can not find it registered in the state any longer), Paul Pouliot ( Calls himself CHIEF of the Cowasuck Pennacook) and Paul Bunnell ( Co- Chief of the Koasek which are based in MA if you look at their information you will see all their members are listed in MA except for Bunnell in Milford, N.H.)

Sherry Gould has hosted Language camps etc but has never invited the historic tribes to take part. As a matter of fact her ‘camps” have just the members above and her family at them with the exception of a few speakers she pays to come.

Paul Pouliot recently purchased land in NH. However, his Indian Identity is Iroquois from the 1600s. If you do the math of those few hundred years to an ancestor the blood quantum may be way below 1/1000th of the drop! He has been a combative force against all other Abenaki. Paul Pouliot petitioned the Town of Haverhill that he was “a federally recognized tribe” and he was coming to Haverhill to protest publicly our Native American Cultural Weekend. The Town of Haverhill finally had their lawyer write to him to stay away and he was NOT federal recognized. You see, he has incorporations in many states however, that does not make one recognized nor does it make one a “TRIBE”. He also has written to me saying he would only come to my Unity Meetings I invited him to armed. I then had to tell him he was not welcome as the meeting was in my Home and I do NOT allow weapons on my property! He has written to every VT senator and state representative threatening them if they continued working with the Abenak Alliance where the state would grant the historic Abenaki in Vermont recognition. He again used his false title of being federally recognized. I now see he is trying to claim this same recognized title in NH!! I have called the BIA about this. He sent them a letter of intent in 1996. Because they received a letter it had to be numbered for a file so it was number 105. However, the BIA says they do not know who this guy is nor have they heard a thing about him since. He cannot file for federal recognition because he has no historic standing, no linage to Abenaki in VT or NH and not even in Canada!!

Paul Bunnell and Koasek People (his chief is Brian Chenevert) are mainly based in MA. They have NO heritage or linage to NH, nor to VT. They have no connection to this place what so ever. In 2006 Brian Chenevert approached me to work with his group. I finally agreed thinking they were on a good level as human beings but after two years I found them all to be extremely rude and insulting to the Abenaki families from here and then refused to do anything with them. In other words the Abenaki here in NH sent them packing!! Paul Bunnell gave me false genealogy certificate claiming to be a registered and certified Genealogist. I later found it the certificate was a fake! He started contacting the Senators and legislatures in VT as well as the Quad Committee in Burlington VT that I worked with and the National Geographic people that I worked with and told them I was NOT Indian and he was certif. genealogist and could not find my genealogy, that If they continued working with me and my tribe he would sue them and he also tried this same tactic trying to discredit all the other Abenaki Historic Tribes. I also found that he and his band in MA have tried using our history here as their own and I have had to get a lawyer which cost almost $2000.00 to have them stop using my work history, my copyrighted logos and our history as theirs! He has also told many that I am mentally ill with a bi-polar problem which is totally false. If I hear he has said that again he will be facing some serious court charges!

These are just a few of the reasons why My tribe and other Tribes in the Historic Alliance are against this bill. These people associated with NH Intertribal have no right to have any say over any of our historic Tribal Nations, our burial grounds and have NO right being in a power position of choosing who should or should not be on the NH Native American Commission!!

Also it is our historic tribes that will be granted Recognition this year in Vermont. According to the Federal Law of the Indian Arts and Craft Board that will put us in a position where we would be legally entitled to have a position on a commission and non recognized would not have a legal right to have any say over our tribes or territories. As far as Territories go: Nulhegan Coosuk Abenaki territory in NH is from Indian Stream down to Our Koasek Region. Missisquoi is on the NH side and owns land in Derry. So with that said this bill has totally ignored the historic Abenaki Nations north of Concord!! We have been here generation after generation after generation. We have not just recently found out we are Indian nor did we just pay land in NH like the people associated with NH Intertribal Council. We are True by inherited rights Abenaki with blood and bone connection from the beginning of time to present here in NH.

I will be bringing historic and present day proof of my Abenaki People in NH and VT with me when I testify. I will also be glad to bring proof of the shameful tactics the people associated with NH Intertribal has used against the Historic Abenaki Alliance Tribes: Koasek Traditional Band of the KOAS, Nulhegan Coosuck Band, Missisquio St Francis Sokoki Abenaki Nations.

Thank you and if you have any further questions I would be glad to come to an appointment with you or talk at any time.

Thank you

Chief Nancy Millette Doucet

45 Pioneer Rd Bath NH 603-728-9646

Email: nmillette@roadrunner.com

Federal Indian Arts and Craft Law mentioned above: ......

H.R. 725: In dian Arts and Crafts Amendments Act of 2009

Congressional Research Service Summary

The following summary was written by the Congressional Research Service, a well-respected nonpartisan arm of the Library of Congress.

1/27/2009--Introduced.

Indian Arts and Crafts Amendments Act of 2009 - Amends the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 to: (1) authorize any federal law enforcement officer to conduct an investigation of an offense involving the sale of any good that is misrepresented as an Indian produced good or product that occurs within the jurisdiction of the United States; and (2) authorize the Indian Arts and Crafts Board to refer such an alleged offense to any federal law enforcement officer (currently, just to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)) for appropriate investigation. Permits a federal law enforcement officer to investigate such an alleged offense regardless of whether such officer receives a referral from the Board. Requires that the findings of an investigation of such an alleged offense by any federal department or agency be submitted to: (1) a federal or state prosecuting authority; or (2) the Board. Provides for the Board, upon receiving the findings of such an investigation, to: (1) recommend to the Attorney General that criminal proceedings be initiated (current law); and (2) provide such support to the Attorney General relating to the criminal proceedings as the Attorney General determines to be appropriate. Allows the Board, in lieu of, or in addition to, any such criminal proceeding, to recommend that the Attorney General initiate a civil action. Revises: (1) requirements for the initiation of civil actions for misrepresentation of Indian produced goods; and (2) penalties for the misrepresentation of such goods.

Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medicine Society~Articles of Association Inc.:

Articles of Association of Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society: KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: THAT we, the undersigned, for the purpose of incorporating a religious society under the laws of the State of Vermont relating to such socieities, do hereby voluntarily associate ourselves together as a body corporate under the provisions of Title 11, Chapter 19 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated, as amended, for the purposes set forth herein, and have hereby adopted the following Articles of Association, viz:

Article I. NAME: The name of this incorporated religious society shall be KDAKINNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDECINE SOCIETY.

Article II. DURATION: This incorporated religious society shall have perpetual duration and perpetual succession in it's corporate name.

Article III. PURPOSES: The purposes for which this incorporate is formed is not for profit, but to provide succession to a former Medecine Council composed of the directors herein named by the corporaters, and support and maintain perpetually religious camp meetings and retreats, burial grounds (cemeteries), schools, monuments, meeting houses, orphans homes, and homes for the elderly in the strict compliance with the policy, established usage, and discipline of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society may assemble once annually, or oftener if desired, forever, to recieve instruction i nthe teachings and philosophy of the Kdakinna Pobtamawogan, and/or for religious worship, either active or passive, in either English or any other language.

And to hold sacredly in trust forever for the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan, the money, property and values of every kind heretofore donated, contributed, collected, and held for any or all of the purposes enumerated herein, and recieve and hold in like perpetual trust, all gifts, devises, bequests, grants, donations, subscriptions and acquisistions of every kind hereinafter made, and all lands, buildings and property, personal and real, already acquired, or which may hereafter be acquired as necessary or convenient to the successful and proper conduct of the purposes herein enumerated, and the furnishing of convenient tents, trailers, cottages, summer homes, and lother living accomodation, roads, walks, lights, water and other necessaries, conveniences and accomodations on the other properties of the Society throughout the State of Vermont and elsewhere, for members and friends of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society, who may regularly, or from time to time, attend said properties for any or all of the purposes herein enumerated, and who desire such accomodations and camp meeting homes.

And to establish, maintain, and conduct schools for the religious, cultural, social, moral, and intellectual enrichment of Indian people of all ages.

And to minister to the Indian people of Vermont and elsewhere, and to give expression to the teachings of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan on both spiritual and temporal matters.

And to promote spiritual unity and efficiency in efforts for the converting of Indian people to the True Religion.

And to acquire and hold title to property, land, not as public or private property, but trustee ship, to hold lands in it's stewardship for the purposes set forth herein, and to manage and use said lands on terms that tare consistent with sound conversational and ecological principles; terms that reflect the reverence of the members of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan.

And to promote in every way the best interest of the Kdakinna Pobatawogan, particularly to interest other persons, corporations, or societies to contribute to it's support. To acquire money, securities, or buildings and hold the same, invest or reinvest or pay out the same or income therefrom for the aforesaid purposes.

Article IV. POWERS AND LIMITATIONS: This corporation is not organized for profit and no part of the assets or income of the corporation shall be distributable to or inure to the benefit of it's members, officers or private persons of any kind, except that the corporation shall be empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments in furtherance of the purposes set fourth in Article III hereof.

The corporation shall not carry on or intervene in any political campaign on behalf of any canidate for public office.

The corporation shall not carry on any activities not permitted to be carried on by a corporation exempt from the Federal Income Tax under Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code.

In order to secure that land owned by the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society be removed from the market place and held in stewardship for the furtherance of the purposes set forth in Article III herein, no land owned by Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medeicne Society shall be sold, mortgaged, or ptherwise used for security for any indebtedness.

Nothwithstanding any other provisions of these Articles of Association or any By-Law made pursuant hereto, or allowable by law, this Article shall not be repealed, amended, or altered in any particular, in any manner, or through any process whatsoever.

Article V. REGISTERED OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT: The address of the registered office of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society shall be 15 Jewett Street, Swanton, Vermont, 05488. The name of the registered agens of the corporation at the above address is Missisquoi Band of the Abenaki Nation.

Article VI. MEMBERS: The number and qualificatioin of members, the classes of membership, and the voiting rights of members shall be as stated in the by-laws.

Article VII. OFFICERS: The governing body of the society, the number and qualification of officers, the method of selection, the duties and responsibilities, and terms of office shall be as sstated in the by-laws.

Article VIII. MEDECINE COUNCIL: The governing body of the society shall be called the Medecine Council. The activities, affairs, and property of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan medecine Society shall be managed, directed and controlled and it's powers exercised by and vested in the Medecine Council, except as otherwise expressly limited by these Articles of Association or the By-Laws of the Society. The Medecine Council shall consist of four (4) officers who shall be known as W'Nanawaldemen Skweda (President); W'Nanawaldemen Wdamogan (VIce-President); W'Nanawaldemen Ojmowogan (Secretary); and W'Nanawaldemen Moni (Treasurer).

The names and addresses of the Officers of the Society who are to serve until the election and qaulification of their successors, as provided by law, are as follows:

R. Kent Ouimette (W'Nanawaldemen Skweda) at 15 Jewett Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488; Arthur "Bill" Seymour (W'Nanawaldemen W'damogan) at 36 Walnut Street in Burlington, Vermont 05401; Dorothy Seymor (W'Nanawaldemen Ojmowogan) at 36 Walnut Street in Burlington, Vermont 05401; V. Jean Ouimette (W'Nanawaldemen Moni) at 15 Jewett Street in Swanton, Vermont 05488.

Article IX. AMENDMENT: These Articles of Association shall not be repealed, amended, or altered in any particular without the unanimous consent of the MEdecine Coucil and the two-thirds (2/3) affirmative vote of the voting members of the corporation.

Article X. DISSOLUTION: If the disolution of this corporation shall become necessary, the Medecine Council shall, after paying or making provisions for the payment of all of the liabilities of the corporation, disposes of all of the assets of the corporation in such a manner or to such organizatioin or organizations organized exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes as shall at the time qualify as an exempt organization under Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any further United States Internal Revenue Law) as the Medecine Council and the membership shall determine  whose land use and preservation philosophies and whose purposes are in harmony with the land use and preservation philosophies and purposes of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medecine Society.

Any such assets not so disposed of shall be disposed of by the County Court of the County in which the principal office of the corporation is then located, exclusively for such purposes or to such organizations, as said Court shall determine, which are organized and operated exclusively for such purposes.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, We have hereby subscribed our names this 17th day of July 1978 at Swanton, in the County of Franklin in the State of Vermont.

R. Kent Ouimette (Incorporator)

Arthur Bill Seymour (Incorporator)

Dorothy Seymour (Incorporator)

V. Jean Ouimette (Incorporator)

STATEMENT OF INTENT - REAL ESTATE CLAIM

NOW COMES THE KDAKINNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDICINE SOCIETY, a corporation, and by this instrument asserts that:

A certain parcel of land is sistuate in Lake Champlain, more or less equidistant from the shoreline of Potters Point or Shelburne Point (so called) in the Town of Shelburne, and the County of Chittenden, northwesterly to Juniper Island (so called), and in Lake Champlain at Lattitude forty-four degrees, twenty-seven minutes and Longtitude seventy-three degrees, fifteen minutes; and, Said parcel of land, being an island or promontory, and presently known or referred to as Rock Dunder, is siutate within the jurisdictional domain of the State of Vermont; and, There is no known record or claim of ownership by any person, corporation, or governmental body, or deed of record to said Rock Dunder; and, Said ROCK DUNDER may be outside the chartered township of Shelburne, and thus not recorded on any grand list, and there is no record of any use or occupancy of said Rock Dunder, except as a place of prayer and religious worship by Abenaki people, many of whom still practise the True Religion; and, Rock Dunder, is a sacred place to us, being the manifestation of a powerful manipulator spirit named Odziozo, and has been used by Abenaki medicine people as a place of worship as recently as August of 1978; therefore, KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That We, the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medicine Society, a religious society incorporated under Title II, chapter 19 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated, as amended, by presenting and filing this notice with the Secretary of State, hereby serve notice on the State of Vermont of our intent to claim all right, title, and interest in said Rock Dunder, (ODZIOZO), together with such riparian rights as ordinarily attach to lands in Lake Champlain, and to hold title to same as a religious monument and a sacred place of worship, against any and all claims or statements of intent hereafter made or filed by any person, group, corporation, or governmental entity. NOW COMES R. Kent Ouimette, an officer of the corporation, duly empowered to act on our behalf, and sets his hand and seal to this our act on this 5th day of January A.D. 1979. KDAKNNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDICINE SOCIETY by R. Kent Ouimette (W'Nanawaldemen SKweda) (Title) STATE OF VERMONT Washington COUNTY

On this the 5th day of January 1979 before me R. Kent Ouimette, the undersigned officer, personally appeared R. Kent Ouimette who acknowledged himself to be the W'Nanawaldemen Skweda of the Kdakinna Pobatamwogan Medicine Society, a corporation, and that he as such officer, being authorized to do so, executed the forgoing instrument for the purposes therein contained, by signing the name of the corporation by himself as W'Nanawaldemen Skweda. In Witness Whereof, I hereunto set my hand. Wayne Gilligan (Notary) (Title).

QUIT CLAIM DEED. TO ALL MEN TO WHOME THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETINGS: KNOW YET, THAT WE, The KDAKINNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDICINE SOCIETY, in conformance with the terms of a certain Sacred Trust which has been our heritage from time immemorial, do by these presents release and forever Quit-Claim to ourselves as a religious society incorporated under the provisions of Title II, Chapter 19 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated, as amended, all right, title, interest, claim and demand whatsoever which we as Releasors have or ought to have in or tot the property located at:

A point in Lake Champlain referred to on current maps as Rock Dunder, at Lattitude forty-four degrees, twenty-seven minutes and Longitude seventy-three degrees, fifteen minutes, being an island or promontary situate in said Lake Champlain, and surrounded by the waters thereof; together with such rights as we may have or be entitled to have as riparian owners of lands on or in Lake Champlain within the territorial domain of the State of Vermont.

To Have and to Hold the premises, with all the appurtanences, forever; and we declare agree that neither we as individuals nor our heirs or assigns shall have or make any claim or demand upon such property.

In Witness Whereof, R. Kent Ouiment, an officer of the corporation duly empowered to act on our behalf sets his hand and seal this 5th day of January A.D. 1979.

Signed, sealed and delivered i nthe presence of two witnesses:

David McCauley (Witness)

Christel F. Holzer (Witness)

KDAKINNA POBATAMWOGAN MEDICINE SOCIETY (Releasor) by: R. Kent Ouimette L.S. (Title: W'Nanawaldemen Skweda)

STATE OF VERMONT Chittenden COUNTY ss. On this 8th day of January 1979, before me, Jannette O'Neil, the undersigned officer, personally appeard R. Kent Ouimette who acknowledged himself to be the W'Nanawaldemen Skweda of the Kdakinna Pombatawogan Medicine Society, a corporation, and being authorized to do so, executed the forgoing instrument for the purposes therein contained by affixing and signing the name of the corporation by himself as W'Nanawaldemen Skweda. In Witness Whereof, I hereunto set my hand. Jannette O'Neil, Notary Public (Title).